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<div>{{出典の明記|date=2013年2月}}<br />
'''不純物'''（ふじゅんぶつ）とは、ある[[物質]]に、それ以外の物質が僅かに含まれている場合、その本来の物質以外の別の物質のことを指す。不純物は[[欠陥]]の一種である。一般には、不純物の存在は、本来の物質の性質を損なうことになる場合が多く、通常は不純物をいかに取り除くかに多くの努力が費やされる。ただ、一方では逆に不純物を利用して、本来その物質が持っていなかった新しい性質を引き出し、[[産業]]上有用な物質となる場合もある。<br />
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== 利用例 ==<br />
[[シリコン]]のような[[半導体]]においては、不純物を人工的に混ぜることにより、[[p型半導体]]、[[n型半導体]]を作ることができる。[[鉄]]がより[[強度]]の高い[[鋼]]になるのも不純物の効果による。また、不純物は物質の[[色]]（あるいは[[発光]]）に影響を及ぼすことがある。たとえば[[宝石]]において、主成分は同じ[[酸化アルミニウム]]（Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, コランダム）だが、不純物の違いにより、[[サファイア]]（不純物：鉄、[[チタン]]）や[[ルビー]]（不純物：[[クロム]]）となるのがこの場合である。<br />
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== 関連項目 ==<br />
*[[不純物準位]]<br />
*[[物性物理学]]<br />
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{{DEFAULTSORT:ふしゆんふつ}}<br />
[[Category:化学]]<br />
[[Category:半導体製造]]<br />
[[Category:物質]]</div>106.154.82.46 Warning: Cannot modify header information - headers already sent by (output started at /home/users/1/sub.jp-asate/web/wiki/extensions/HeadScript/HeadScript.php:3) in /home/users/1/sub.jp-asate/web/wiki/includes/WebResponse.php on line 46