貿易圏
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貿易圏（ぼうえきけん）とは、政府間貿易協定の一つ。多くは地域国際機関を元に形成され、参加国間は貿易障壁(関税や非関税障壁)が軽減・免除される[1]。
概要
貿易圏の一覧
- Currency union.PNG
- Customs Unions World.svg
貿易圏別の統計
| 貿易圏 | 人口 | GDP (USD) | 参加国 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2006 | 2007 | growth | per capita | |||
| 共同市場, 経済同盟 経済通貨同盟 通貨同盟 | ||||||
| 欧州連合の経済通貨統合 | 324,879,195 | 10,685,946,928,310 | 12,225,304,229,686 | 14.41% | 37,630 | |
| 東カリブ諸国機構 (OECS) | 593,905 | 3,752,679,562 | 3,998,281,731 | 6.54% | 6,732 | |
| Overseas Issuing Institute (OII) | 504,476 | 12,264,278,329 | 14,165,953,200 | 15.51% | 28,081 | |
| カリブ共同体 (CCCM) | 6,418,417 | 39,616,485,623 | 43,967,600,765 | 10.98% | 6,850 | 12
|
| 欧州経済領域(EEA) | 499,620,521 | 14,924,076,504,592 | 17,186,876,431,709 | 15.16% | 34,400 | |
| 関税通貨同盟 | ||||||
| 中部アフリカ諸国経済共同体(CEMAC) | 39,278,645 | 51,265,460,685 | 58,519,380,755 | 14.15% | 1,490 | |
| 西アフリカ諸国経済共同体(UEMOA) | 90,299,945 | 50,395,629,494 | 58,453,871,283 | 15.99% | 647 | |
| 関税同盟 | ||||||
| アンデス共同体(CAN) | 96,924,486 | 281,269,141,372 | 334,172,968,648 | 18.81% | 3,448 | |
| 東アフリカ共同体(EAC) | 127,107,838 | 49,882,030,443 | 61,345,180,041 | 22.98% | 483 | |
| 欧州連合関税同盟(EUCU) | 574,602,745 | 15,331,827,900,202 | 17,679,376,474,719 | 15.31% | 30,768 | 33
|
| 湾岸協力会議(GCC) | 36,154,528 | 724,460,151,595 | 802,641,302,477 | 10.79% | 22,200 | |
| 南米共同市場(MERCOSUR) | 271,304,946 | 1,517,510,000,000 | 1,886,817,000,000 | 12.44% | 9,757 | |
| 南部アフリカ関税同盟(SACU) | 58,000,000 | 1,499,811,549,187 | 1,848,337,158,281 | 23.24% | 6,885 | |
| 特恵貿易地域 と 自由貿易協定 | ||||||
| ASEAN自由貿易地域(AANFTA)-ASEAN+3 | 2,085,858,841 | 10,216,029,899,764 | 11,323,947,181,804 | 10.84% | 5,429 | |
| Latin American Integration Association (ALADI) | 499,807,662 | 2,823,198,095,131 | 3,292,088,771,480 | 16.61% | 6,587 | |
| アフリカ自由貿易地域 (AFTZ) | 553,915,405 | 643,541,709,413 | 739,927,625,273 | 14.98% | 1,336 | 26
|
| Asia-Pacific Trade Agreement(APTA) | 2,714,464,027 | 4,868,614,302,744 | 5,828,692,637,764 | 19.72% | 2,147 | |
| CARIFORUM-EUCU-OCTs | 592,083,950 | 15,437,771,092,522 | 17,798,283,524,961 | 15.29% | 30,060 | 67
|
| 中米統合機構(CACM) | 37,388,063 | 87,209,524,889 | 97,718,800,794 | 12.05% | 2,614 | |
| 中欧自由貿易協定(CEFTA) | 27,968,711 | 110,263,802,023 | 135,404,501,031 | 22.80% | 4,841 | |
| 独立国家共同体(CISFTA) | 272,897,834 | 1,271,909,586,018 | 1,661,429,920,721 | 30.62% | 6,088 | |
| ドミニカ中米自由貿易協定(DR-CAFTA-US) | 356,964,477 | 13,345,469,865,037 | 14,008,686,684,089 | 4.97% | 39,244 | |
| 西アフリカ諸国経済共同体((ECOWAS) | 283,096,250 | 215,999,071,943 | 255,784,634,128 | 18.42% | 904 | 15
|
| 欧州自由貿易連合(EFTA)-南部アフリカ関税同盟(SACU) | 68,199,991 | 1,021,509,931,918 | 1,139,385,636,888 | 11.54% | 16,707 | |
| ユーラシア経済共同体(EAEC) | 207,033,990 | 1,125,634,333,117 | 1,465,256,182,498 | 30.17% | 7,077 | |
| 北米自由貿易協定(NAFTA) | 449,227,672 | 15,337,094,304,218 | 16,189,097,801,318 | 5.56% | 36,038 | |
| 環太平洋戦略的経済連携協定(TPP) | 25,639,622 | 401,810,366,865 | 468,101,167,294 | 16.50% | 18,257 | |
| 南アジア地域協力連合(SAARC) | 1,567,187,373 | 1,162,684,650,544 | 1,428,392,756,312 | 22.85% | 911 | |
| 南太平洋地域貿易経済協力協定(SPARTECA) | 35,079,659 | 918,557,785,031 | 1,102,745,750,172 | 20.05% | 31,435 | |
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貿易圏についての比較
| 取り組み | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 貿易圏 | 自由貿易協定(FTA) | 経済通貨同盟 | 渡航自由化 | 政治的協定 | 集団防衛 | その他 | ||||
| 関税同盟 | 共同市場 | 通貨同盟 | ビザ免除 | 出入国審査免除 | ||||||
| EU | 発効 | 発効7 | 発効2 | 発効 1 | 発効 | 発効 (シェンゲン協定 1, 7, NPU and CTA 1) |
発効 | 発効 (NATO 1, 7 and CFSP/ESDP 1) |
ESA 1, 7 | |
| EFTA | 発効 | 発効2, 7 | 発効 | 発効 1, 7 | 発効 1, 7 | ESA 1, 7 | ||||
| CARICOM | 発効 | 発効 | 発効 1 | 発効 1 and proposed common |
発効 1 | proposed | proposed | 非核 | ||
| AU | ECOWAS | 発効 1, 3 | 発効 1 | proposed[2][3] | 発効 1 and proposed for 2012 1 and proposed common | 発効 1 | proposed | proposed | 発効 | 非核1 |
| ECCAS | 発効1 | 発効1 | proposed | 発効1 | 発効 | 発効 | 非核1 | |||
| EAC | 発効 | 発効 | proposed for 2015 | proposed for 2012 | proposed | ? | proposed for 2015 | 非核1 | ||
| SADC | 発効1 | 発効1 | proposed for 2015 | de-facto 発効 1 and proposed common for 2016 | proposed[4] | 非核1 | ||||
| COMESA | 発効1 | proposed for 2010 | ? | proposed for 2018 | 非核1 | |||||
| Common | proposed for 2019 | proposed for 2019 | proposed for 2023 | proposed for 2028 | proposed for 2028 | 非核1 | ||||
| UNASUR | MERCOSUR | 発効 | 発効 | proposed for 2015[5] | 発効 | proposed for 2014[6] | 非核 | |||
| CAN | 発効 | 発効 1 | proposed1[7] | 発効 | 非核 | |||||
| Common | proposed for 2014 4 | proposed for not after 2019 | proposed for 2019 | proposed for 2019 | 発効[8] | proposed for 2019 | proposed | 発効 | 非核 | |
| EurAsEC | 発効1 | 発効1 | proposed for 20121 | Proposed[9] | 発効[10] | 発効 1 | ||||
| AL | GCC | 発効 | proposed for 2012[11] | proposed | proposed 1 | 発効 | ||||
| Common | 発効1 | proposed for 2015 | proposed for 2020 | proposed | proposed[12] | |||||
| ASEAN | 発効 5 | proposed for 2015[13] | proposed 8[14] | 発効[15] | proposed for 2015[16] | proposed for 2020[17] | 非核 | |||
| CAIS | 発効1 | proposed | ? | 発効1 | 発効1 | proposed | 非核 | |||
| CEFTA | 発効 | RCC7 | ||||||||
| NAFTA | 発効 | 発効 1, 7 | ||||||||
| SAARC | 発効 1, 6 | |||||||||
| PIF | proposed for 20211 | 非核1 | ||||||||
1 not all members participating yet
2 involving goods, services, telecommunications, transport (full liberalisation of railways from 2012), energy (full liberalisation from 2007)
3 telecommunications, transport and energy - proposed
4 sensitive goods to be covered from 2019
5 least developed members to join from 2012
6 least developed members to join from 2017
7 Additionally some non member states also participate (the European Union, EFTA and NATO have overlapping membership and various common initiatives regarding the European integration).
8 Additionally some non member states also participate (ASEAN Plus Three)
関連項目
脚注
- ↑ Schott 1991, 1.
- ↑ WT/COMTD/N/11
- ↑ WT/COMTD/N/21
- ↑ “Prensa Latina”. Prensa Latina. (2007年2月3日)
- ↑ WT/REG238/M/1
- ↑ “Definidos critérios para o Parlamento do Mercosul”. Senado Federal - Notícias. (2007年2月3日)
- ↑ Twelfth Andean Presidential Council Act of Lima
- ↑ “South American countries reach visa deal”. CNN. (2006年11月24日). オリジナルの2006年12月20日時点によるアーカイブ。
- ↑ GCC countries postpone customs union Nazarbayev proposed to create the SCO's reserve currency
- ↑ http://web.archive.org/20070705142505/www.itar-tass.com/eng/level2.html?NewsID=2847543&PageNum=0
- ↑ GCC countries postpone customs union move
- ↑ Yemen Proposes Replacing Arab League With Arab Union, Agence France-Presse, 11 February 2004
- ↑ “Asean Trade Mins Meet To Speed Up Plans For Single Market”. Malaysia Dual Lingual Business News. (2007年2月3日)
- ↑ “Envisioning a single Asian currency”. International Herald Tribune. (2007年2月3日)
- ↑ “ASEAN To Sign Accord On Visa-Free Travel”. AHN - All Headline News. (2007年2月3日)
- ↑ “ASEAN Leaders Sign Five Agreements at the 12th ASEAN Summit, Cebu, the Philippines, 13 January 2007” (プレスリリース), ASEAN Secretariat, (2007年1月13日) . 2007閲覧., "On the first day of the 12th ASEAN Summit, five Agreements have been signed by ASEAN leaders - reinforcing their commitment in the continuing integration of ASEAN and enhancing political, economic and social cooperation in the region."
- ↑ “ASEAN defense ministers aim for security community”. ABS-CBN. (2007年2月3日)
参考文献
- Mansfield, Edward D. and Helen V. Milner, "The New Wave of Regionalism" in Diehl, Paul F. (2005). The Politics of Global Governance: International Organizations in an Interdependent World. Boulder: Lynne Rienner Publishers. ISBN 1-55587-654-4.
- Milner, Helen V., "International Trade" in Carlsnaes, Walter; Thomas Risse, Beth A. Simmons (2002). Handbook of International Relations. London: SAGE Publications. ISBN 0-7619-6304-9.
- O'Loughlin, John; Luc Anselin (1996). “Geo-Economic Competition and Trade Bloc Formation: United States, German, and Japanese Exports, 1968-1992”. Economic Geography 72 (2): 131–160. doi:10.2307/144263. JSTOR 144263.
- Schott, Jeffrey J. (1991). “Trading blocs and the world trading system”. World Economy 14 (1): 1–17. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9701.1991.tb00748.x.